How many vents do I need? Attic and crawlspace vent calculator.

Ember-resistant vents don't all let the same amount of air through, so the brand you pick changes how many you need. Enter your attic or crawlspace size and see the count for O'Hagin, Vulcan and BrandGuard vents, using the California Residential Code formula.

Start counting

Updated November 10, 2026

What are you venting?

Usually close to the floor area of the top story under the roof.

Which code ratio?
Share of vent area up high (exhaust)

Your attic needs about

14 vents

Total vent area needed
864 sq in
High: 432 sq in
7 vents
Low: 432 sq in
7 vents

A planning estimate. Your building department or roofer has the final say, and the layout of your roof can change the count.

Have every vent checked, free

The same 432 sq in of intake, with other vents

Number of intake vents needed by brand and size
Intake ventNet free areaVents needed
Vulcan 5.5x22 eave vent (VE5522)74.371 sq in6
Vulcan 5.5x14 eave vent (VE)46.039 sq in10
Vulcan 3.5x14 eave vent (VE)25.57 sq in17
Vulcan 2x120 continuous soffit vent (VSC)100.8 sq in5
BrandGuard 5.5x22 soffit vent (UE2051)36.5 sq in12
BrandGuard 3.5x22 soffit vent (UE2011)22 sq in20
BrandGuard 3.5x14 soffit vent (UE2021)14 sq in31
BrandGuard 3x60 continuous soffit vent (CS2011)60 sq in8
Vulcan 3-inch round eave vent (VER3)2 sq in216
BrandGuard 3-inch Fireplug round eave vent2 sq in216

The formula

What California's code asks for.

The California Residential Code sets the minimum open vent area, called net free area, for attics (R806.2) and crawlspaces (R408.2). The calculator uses these formulas and each maker's published net free area.

Attic, standard
Attic floor area ÷ 150 × 144 = square inches of open vent area
Attic, vents split high and low
Attic floor area ÷ 300 × 144, with 40 to 50% of it within 3 ft of the ridge and the rest in the bottom third
Crawlspace
Crawlspace floor area ÷ 150 × 144, with a vent within 3 ft of each outside corner
Crawlspace with a Class I vapor retarder on the ground
Crawlspace floor area ÷ 1,500 × 144
Number of vents
Square inches needed ÷ each vent's net free area, rounded up

The 1/300 exception has two conditions in the code. The first, a vapor retarder on the ceiling, only applies in climate zones 6, 7 and 8. Los Angeles County is zone 3B, so in LA only the high and low split matters. The roofing trade group ARMA adds that intake should be 50 to 60% and should always exceed exhaust.

In a fire hazard area, the code also says these vents have to meet California's Wildland-Urban Interface Code, which is why the calculator lists ember-resistant vents.

What changes the count

Four things that move the number.

The brand and size

At the same size, BrandGuard vents have roughly half the open area of Vulcan's: 23.4 vs about 41 sq in for a 6x14 foundation vent, and 36.5 vs about 74 for a 5.5x22 eave vent. That can double the count. In NIST's 2025 high-heat tests, though, baffle designs like BrandGuard's held up better.

The mesh

On O'Hagin roof vents, 1/8-inch ember mesh has exactly 10% less open area than 1/4-inch mesh, per O'Hagin's data sheets.

Round eave vents

Small round "bird hole" vents have only 2 to 3.5 sq in each. As the only intake, an 1,800 sq ft attic can need 126 to 216 of them. Rectangular or continuous soffit vents, or low roof vents, are the practical choice.

A vapor barrier under the house

A Class I vapor retarder covering the crawlspace ground cuts the required vent area to a tenth: 144 sq in instead of 1,440 for a 1,500 sq ft crawlspace.

Net free area figures come from each maker's data sheets and ICC-ES reports. Where Vulcan's ICC-ES report and its distributor's catalog differ, the calculator uses the lower number. This is a planning estimate, not a ventilation design. Your building department or roofer decides what your home needs.

Questions

Vent count questions, answered straight.

Divide the attic floor area by 300 if the vents are split high and low, or by 150 if not. Multiply by 144 to get square inches of open vent area, then divide by each vent's net free area. An 1,800 sq ft attic at 1/300 needs 864 sq in, which is about 14 O'Hagin Fire & Ice comp vents, 7 high and 7 low.

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