How many vents do I need? Attic and crawlspace vent calculator.
Ember-resistant vents don't all let the same amount of air through, so the brand you pick changes how many you need. Enter your attic or crawlspace size and see the count for O'Hagin, Vulcan and BrandGuard vents, using the California Residential Code formula.
Updated November 10, 2026
Usually close to the floor area of the top story under the roof.
Your attic needs about
14 vents
- Total vent area needed
- 864 sq in
- High: 432 sq in
- 7 vents
- Low: 432 sq in
- 7 vents
A planning estimate. Your building department or roofer has the final say, and the layout of your roof can change the count.
Have every vent checked, freeThe same 432 sq in of intake, with other vents
| Intake vent | Net free area | Vents needed |
|---|---|---|
| Vulcan 5.5x22 eave vent (VE5522) | 74.371 sq in | 6 |
| Vulcan 5.5x14 eave vent (VE) | 46.039 sq in | 10 |
| Vulcan 3.5x14 eave vent (VE) | 25.57 sq in | 17 |
| Vulcan 2x120 continuous soffit vent (VSC) | 100.8 sq in | 5 |
| BrandGuard 5.5x22 soffit vent (UE2051) | 36.5 sq in | 12 |
| BrandGuard 3.5x22 soffit vent (UE2011) | 22 sq in | 20 |
| BrandGuard 3.5x14 soffit vent (UE2021) | 14 sq in | 31 |
| BrandGuard 3x60 continuous soffit vent (CS2011) | 60 sq in | 8 |
| Vulcan 3-inch round eave vent (VER3) | 2 sq in | 216 |
| BrandGuard 3-inch Fireplug round eave vent | 2 sq in | 216 |
The formula
What California's code asks for.
The California Residential Code sets the minimum open vent area, called net free area, for attics (R806.2) and crawlspaces (R408.2). The calculator uses these formulas and each maker's published net free area.
- Attic, standard
- Attic floor area ÷ 150 × 144 = square inches of open vent area
- Attic, vents split high and low
- Attic floor area ÷ 300 × 144, with 40 to 50% of it within 3 ft of the ridge and the rest in the bottom third
- Crawlspace
- Crawlspace floor area ÷ 150 × 144, with a vent within 3 ft of each outside corner
- Crawlspace with a Class I vapor retarder on the ground
- Crawlspace floor area ÷ 1,500 × 144
- Number of vents
- Square inches needed ÷ each vent's net free area, rounded up
The 1/300 exception has two conditions in the code. The first, a vapor retarder on the ceiling, only applies in climate zones 6, 7 and 8. Los Angeles County is zone 3B, so in LA only the high and low split matters. The roofing trade group ARMA adds that intake should be 50 to 60% and should always exceed exhaust.
In a fire hazard area, the code also says these vents have to meet California's Wildland-Urban Interface Code, which is why the calculator lists ember-resistant vents.
What changes the count
Four things that move the number.
The brand and size
At the same size, BrandGuard vents have roughly half the open area of Vulcan's: 23.4 vs about 41 sq in for a 6x14 foundation vent, and 36.5 vs about 74 for a 5.5x22 eave vent. That can double the count. In NIST's 2025 high-heat tests, though, baffle designs like BrandGuard's held up better.
The mesh
On O'Hagin roof vents, 1/8-inch ember mesh has exactly 10% less open area than 1/4-inch mesh, per O'Hagin's data sheets.
Round eave vents
Small round "bird hole" vents have only 2 to 3.5 sq in each. As the only intake, an 1,800 sq ft attic can need 126 to 216 of them. Rectangular or continuous soffit vents, or low roof vents, are the practical choice.
A vapor barrier under the house
A Class I vapor retarder covering the crawlspace ground cuts the required vent area to a tenth: 144 sq in instead of 1,440 for a 1,500 sq ft crawlspace.
Net free area figures come from each maker's data sheets and ICC-ES reports. Where Vulcan's ICC-ES report and its distributor's catalog differ, the calculator uses the lower number. This is a planning estimate, not a ventilation design. Your building department or roofer decides what your home needs.
Questions
Vent count questions, answered straight.
Divide the attic floor area by 300 if the vents are split high and low, or by 150 if not. Multiply by 144 to get square inches of open vent area, then divide by each vent's net free area. An 1,800 sq ft attic at 1/300 needs 864 sq in, which is about 14 O'Hagin Fire & Ice comp vents, 7 high and 7 low.
Sources
- 2025 California Residential Code, R806 attic ventilation (UpCodes)
- 2025 California Residential Code, R408 under-floor ventilation (UpCodes)
- ICC, 2024 IECC climate zones by county (sample)
- O'Hagin vent calculator
- O'Hagin comp shingle data sheet
- ICC-ES ESL-1299, Vulcan net free area table
- BMD ventilation catalog, Vulcan and standard vents (distributor)
- BrandGuard soffit vent specs
- BrandGuard FV2011 foundation vent spec
- ARMA, attic ventilation
- Fire Safe Marin, vent FAQs
Facts and prices checked November 2026. Maker figures are the makers' own claims, not RF1 test results. Retail prices change often.

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